Untangling Pain – Sources - Sarah Keates Andrews

# Sources & further reading ##### Untangling Pain --- These are the books, articles and research papers behind the first three modules of Untangling Pain. I’ve grouped them by module and topic so you can find the sources for anything you want to explore further. Module 4 is more practical and focuses on putting those ideas into practice, so there are no extra sources for it. --- ## Module 1 Butler, D.S. and G Lorimer Moseley (2013). Explain Pain. Noigroup Publications. G Lorimer Moseley and Butler, D.S. (2015). Explain pain handbook : protectometer. Noigroup Publications. Lehman, G. (n.d.). Do our patient’s need fixing? Or do they need a bigger cup? [online] Greg Lehman. Available at: https://www.greglehman.ca/blog/2018/5/1/do-our-patients-need-fixing. --- ## Module 2 ### Breathing Busch, V., Magerl, W., Kern, U., Haas, J., Hajak, G. and Eichhammer, P. (2012). The effect of deep and slow breathing on pain perception, autonomic activity, and mood processing--an experimental study. Pain Medicine, [online] 13(2), pp.215–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01243.x. Chalaye, P., Goffaux, P., Lafrenaye, S. and Marchand, S. (2009). Respiratory Effects on Experimental Heat Pain and Cardiac Activity. Pain Medicine, 10(8), pp.1334–1340. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00681.x. Jafari, H., Gholamrezaei, A., Franssen, M., Van Oudenhove, L., Aziz, Q., Van den Bergh, O., Vlaeyen, J.W.S. and Van Diest, I. (2020). Can slow deep breathing reduce pain? An experimental study exploring mechanisms. The Journal of Pain, 21(9-10). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2019.12.010. Zautra, A.J., Fasman, R., Davis, M.C. and Craig, A.D. (Bud) (2010). The effects of slow breathing on affective responses to pain stimuli: An experimental study. Pain, 149(1), pp.12–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.10.001. --- ### Sleep Afolalu, E.F., Ramlee, F. and Tang, N.K.Y. (2018). Effects of sleep changes on pain-related health outcomes in the general population: A systematic review of longitudinal studies with exploratory meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 39, pp.82–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.08.001. Schrimpf, M., Liegl, G., Boeckle, M., Leitner, A., Geisler, P. and Pieh, C. (2015). The effect of sleep deprivation on pain perception in healthy subjects: a meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine, 16(11), pp.1313–1320. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2015.07.022. Shima Rouhi, J Topcu, Egorova, N. and Jordan, A.S. (2023). The impact of sleep disturbance on pain perception: A systematic review examining the moderating effect of sex and age. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 71, pp.101835–101835. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101835. Stroemel-Scheder, C., Kundermann, B. and Lautenbacher, S. (2020). The effects of recovery sleep on pain perception: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 113, pp.408–425. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.028. Whibley, D., AlKandari, N., Kristensen, K., Barnish, M., Rzewuska, M., Druce, K.L. and Tang, N.K.Y. (2019). Sleep and Pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 35(6), pp.544–558. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0000000000000697. --- ### Alcohol Blanton, H.L., Bergeson, S.E., Morgan, D.J. and Guindon, J. (2019). Alcohol and Pain Interactions. Neuroscience of Alcohol, pp.217–226. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813125-1.00023-4. Witkiewitz, K., McCallion, E., Vowles, K.E., Kirouac, M., Frohe, T., Maisto, S.A., Hodgson, R. and Heather, N. (2015). Association between physical pain and alcohol treatment outcomes: The mediating role of negative affect. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83(6), pp.1044–1057. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000033. Zale, E.L., Maisto, S.A. and Ditre, J.W. (2015). Interrelations between pain and alcohol: An integrative review. Clinical psychology review, [online] 37, pp.57–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.005. --- ### Hydration Bear, T., Philipp, M., Hill, S. and Mündel, T. (2016). A preliminary study on how hypohydration affects pain perception. Psychophysiology, 53(5), pp.605–610. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12610. Tan, B., Philipp, M.C., Che Muhamed, A.M. and Mündel, T. (2022). Hypohydration but not menstrual phase influences pain perception in healthy women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 132(3), pp.611–621. doi:https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00402.2021. --- ### Diet & Nutrition Brain, K., Burrows, T.L., Rollo, M.E., Chai, L.K., Clarke, E.D., Hayes, C., Hodson, F.J. and Collins, C.E. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis of nutrition interventions for chronic noncancer pain. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics: The Official Journal of the British Dietetic Association, [online] 32(2), pp.198–225. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12601. Chand, R.R., Blyth, F.M. and Khalatbari-Soltani, S. (2022). Healthy dietary indices and noncancer pain: a systematic review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Pain, Publish Ahead of Print. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002777. Elma, Ö., Lebuf, E., Marnef, A.Q., Tümkaya Yilmaz, S., Coppieters, I., Clarys, P., Nijs, J., Malfliet, A. and Deliens, T. (2021). Diet can exert both analgesic and pronociceptive effects in acute and chronic pain models: a systematic review of preclinical studies. Nutritional Neuroscience, pp.1–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415x.2021.1934956. Field, R., Pourkazemi, F., Turton, J. and Rooney, K. (2020). Dietary Interventions Are Beneficial for Patients with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Pain Medicine, 22(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa378. Maddox, E.K., Massoni, S.C., Hoffart, C.M. and Takata, Y. (2023). Dietary Effects on Pain Symptoms in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Systematic Review and Future Directions. Nutrients, 15(3), p.716. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030716. Sverrisdóttir, U.Á., Hansen, S. and Rudnicki, M. (2022). Impact of diet on pain perception in women with endometriosis: A systematic review. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 271, pp.245–249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.02.028. --- ### Exercise Andrade, A., de Azevedo Klumb Steffens, R., Sieczkowska, S.M., Peyré Tartaruga, L.A. and Torres Vilarino, G. (2018). A systematic review of the effects of strength training in patients with fibromyalgia: clinical outcomes and design considerations. Advances in Rheumatology, 58(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-018-0033-9. Büssing, A., Ostermann, T., Lüdtke, R. and Michalsen, A. (2012). Effects of Yoga Interventions on Pain and Pain-Associated Disability: A Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Pain, 13(1), pp.1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.10.001. Chang, W.-D., Lin, H.-Y. and Lai, P.-T. (2015). Core strength training for patients with chronic low back pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, [online] 27(3), pp.619–622. doi:https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.619. Cote, J.N. and Hoeger Bement, M.K. (2010). Update on the Relation Between Pain and Movement: Consequences for Clinical Practice. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 26(9), pp.754–762. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181e0174f. Cramer, H., Lauche, R., Haller, H. and Dobos, G. (2013). A Systematic Review and Meta- analysis of Yoga for Low Back Pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 29(5), pp.450–460. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0b013e31825e1492. Geneen, L.J., Moore, R.A., Clarke, C., Martin, D., Colvin, L.A. and Smith, B.H. (2017). Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, [online] 4(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd011279.pub3. Kan, L., Zhang, J., Yang, Y. and Wang, P. (2016). The Effects of Yoga on Pain, Mobility, and Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, [online] 2016, pp.1–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6016532. Lima, L.V., Abner, T.S.S. and Sluka, K.A. (2017). Does exercise increase or decrease pain? Central mechanisms underlying these two phenomena. The Journal of Physiology, [online] 595(13), pp.4141–4150. doi:https://doi.org/10.1113/jp273355. M Sawyer, A. (2012). Impact of Yoga on Low Back Pain and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy, 02(04). doi:https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7595.1000120. Meeus, M., Kosek, E., Van Oosterwijck, J. and Nijs, J. (2011). 34 DYSFUNCTIONAL ENDOGENOUS PAIN INHIBITION DURING EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN: TO EXERCISE OR NOT TO EXERCISE? European Journal of Pain Supplements, 5(1), p.8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s1754-3207(11)70024-4. Naugle, K.M., Fillingim, R.B. and Riley, J.L. (2012). A Meta-Analytic Review of the Hypoalgesic Effects of Exercise. The Journal of Pain, 13(12), pp.1139–1150. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.006. O’Connor, S.R., Tully, M.A., Ryan, B., Bleakley, C.M., Baxter, G.D., Bradley, J.M. and McDonough, S.M. (2015). Walking Exercise for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, [online] 96(4), pp.724-734.e3. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.12.003. Posadzki, P., Ernst, E., Terry, R. and Lee, M.S. (2011). Is yoga effective for pain? A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 19(5), pp.281–287. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2011.07.004. Rodrigues, E.V., Gomes, A.R.S., Tanhoffer, A.I.P. and Leite, N. (2014). Effects of exercise on pain of musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review. Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, [online] 22(6), pp.334–338. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-78522014220601004. Sitthipornvorakul, E., Klinsophon, T., Sihawong, R. and Janwantanakul, P. (2018). The effects of walking intervention in patients with chronic low back pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Musculoskeletal Science & Practice, [online] 34, pp.38–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2017.12.003. Sluka, K.A., Frey-Law, L. and Hoeger Bement, M. (2018). Exercise-induced pain and analgesia? Underlying mechanisms and clinical translation. PAIN, 159(1), pp.S91–S97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001235. Vanti, C., Andreatta, S., Borghi, S., Guccione, A.A., Pillastrini, P. and Bertozzi, L. (2017). The effectiveness of walking versus exercise on pain and function in chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(6), pp.622–632. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1410730. Ward, L., Stebbings, S., Cherkin, D. and Baxter, G.D. (2013). Yoga for Functional Ability, Pain and Psychosocial Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Musculoskeletal Care, 11(4), pp.203–217. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1042. --- ### Stress Bernier Carney, K.M., Young, E.E., Guite, J.W. and Starkweather, A.R. (2020). A Systematic Review of Biological Mechanisms and Chronic Pain Outcomes During Stress Reduction Interventions. Biological Research For Nursing, 22(2), pp.205–216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800420907964. Burke, N.N., Finn, D.P., McGuire, B.E. and Roche, M. (2016). Psychological stress in early life as a predisposing factor for the development of chronic pain: Clinical and preclinical evidence and neurobiological mechanisms. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 95(6), pp.1257–1270. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23802. Fernanda Tibolla Viero, Rodrigues, P. and Trevisan, G. (2022). Cognitive or daily stress association with headache and pain induction in migraine and tension-type headache patients: a systematic review. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 22(3), pp.257–268. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2022.2041414. Ortego, G., Villafañe, J.H., Doménech-García, V., Berjano, P., Bertozzi, L. and Herrero, P. (2016). Is there a relationship between psychological stress or anxiety and chronic nonspecific neck-arm pain in adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 90, pp.70–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.09.006. --- ### Emotions Amaro-Díaz, L., Montoro, C.I., Fischer-Jbali, L.R. and Galvez-Sánchez, C.M. (2022). Chronic Pain and Emotional Stroop: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, [online] 11(12), p.3259. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123259. Frumkin, M.R. and Rodebaugh, T.L. (2021). The role of affect in chronic pain: A systematic review of within-person symptom dynamics. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 147, p.110527. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110527. Jackson, T., Tian, P., Wang, Y., Iezzi, T. and Xie, W. (2016). Toward Identifying Moderators of Associations Between Presurgery Emotional Distress and Postoperative Pain Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. The Journal of Pain, 17(8), pp.874– 888. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2016.04.003. Malfliet, A., Coppieters, I., Van Wilgen, P., Kregel, J., De Pauw, R., Dolphens, M. and Ickmans, K. (2017). Brain changes associated with cognitive and emotional factors in chronic pain: A systematic review. European Journal of Pain, 21(5), pp.769–786. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1003. Mikkelsen, M.B., Neumann, H., Cecilie Rask Buskbjerg, Johannsen, M., O’Toole, M.S., Lars Arendt-Nielsen and Zachariae, R. (2023). The effect of experimental emotion induction on experimental pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain, 165(4), pp.e17–e38. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003073. --- ### Thoughts & Beliefs Gatchel, R.J., Neblett, R., Kishino, N. and Ray, C.T. (2016). Fear-Avoidance Beliefs and Chronic Pain. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, [online] 46(2), pp.38– 43. doi:https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2016.0601. Kroska, E.B. (2016). A meta-analysis of fear-avoidance and pain intensity: The paradox of chronic pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 13(1), pp.43–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.06.011. Linton, S.J., Buer, N., Vlaeyen, J. and Hellsing, A.-L. (2000). Are fear-avoidance beliefs related to the inception of an episode of back pain? A prospective study. Psychology & Health, 14(6), pp.1051–1059. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440008407366. Martinez-Calderon, J., Struyf, F., Meeus, M. and Luque-Suarez, A. (2018). The association between pain beliefs and pain intensity and/or disability in people with shoulder pain: A systematic review. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 37, pp.29–57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2018.06.010. Pfingsten, M., Leibing, E., Harter, W., Kröner-Herwig, B., Hempel, D., Kronshage, U. and Hildebrandt, J. (2001). Fear-Avoidance Behavior and Anticipation of Pain in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study. Pain Medicine, 2(4), pp.259– 266. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4637.2001.01044.x. Rabinowitz, E.P., Sayer, M.A. and Delahanty, D.L. (2023). The role of catastrophizing in chronic cyclical pelvic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Women’s Health, 19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057231199949. Thompson, E.L., Broadbent, J., Bertino, M.D. and Staiger, P.K. (2016). Do Pain-related Beliefs Influence Adherence to Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation? The Clinical Journal of Pain, 32(2), pp.164–178. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0000000000000235. Wertli, M.M., Eugster, R., Held, U., Steurer, J., Kofmehl, R. and Weiser, S. (2014a). Catastrophizing—a prognostic factor for outcome in patients with low back pain: a systematic review. The Spine Journal, 14(11), pp.2639–2657. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2014.03.003. Wertli, M.M., Rasmussen-Barr, E., Weiser, S., Bachmann, L.M. and Brunner, F. (2014b). The role of fear avoidance beliefs as a prognostic factor for outcome in patients with nonspecific low back pain: A systematic review. The Spine Journal, 14(5), pp.816–836. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2013.09.036. Willman, J. (2020). Rubber Arm Experiment | MAGIC FOR HUMANS. [online] www.youtube.com. Available at: https://youtu.be/xdxlT68ygt8. Zoffness, R. (2024). A Tale of Two Nails: What Changes Pain? [online] Psychology Today. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/pain-explained/201911/a-tale-of-two-nails-what-changes-pain [Accessed 12 Dec. 2024]. --- ### Past Experiences Shen, M.J., Redd, W.H., Winkel, G. and Badr, H. (2013). Associations among pain, pain attitudes, and pain behaviors in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37(4), pp.595–606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-013-9529-2. TEDx Talks (2011). TEDxAdelaide - Lorimer Moseley - Why Things Hurt. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwd-wLdIHjs. --- ### Family Guzy, G., Polczyk, R., Szpitalak, M. and Vernon, H. (2016). Age Moderates the Relationships between Family Functioning and Neck Pain/Disability. PLOS ONE, 11(4), p.e0153606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153606. West, C., Usher, K., Foster, K. and Stewart, L. (2012). Chronic pain and the family: the experience of the partners of people living with chronic pain. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(23-24), pp.3352–3360. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04215.x. Woods, S., Patricia and Haneen Abdelkhaleq (2023). Family strain, but not family support, is linked to worse pain interference among midlife adults reporting new chronic pain. Families, Systems, & Health. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000825. --- ### Friends Edwards, R., Eccleston, C. and Keogh, E. (2017). Observer influences on pain. PAIN, [online] 158(5), pp.846–855. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000840. Israel-Cohen, Y. and Kaplan, O. (2015). Traumatic Stress during Population-wide Exposure to Trauma in Israel: Gender as a Moderator of the Effects of Marital Status and Social Support. Stress and Health, 32(5), pp.636–640. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2647. Turton, S. and Campbell, C. (2007). Tend and Befriend Versus Fight or Flight: Gender Differences in Behavioral Response to Stress Among University Students. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 10(4), pp.209–232. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.2005.tb00013.x. --- ### Intimate Relationships Campbell, P., Jordan, K.P. and Dunn, K.M. (2012). The Role of Relationship Quality and Perceived Partner Responses with Pain and Disability in Those with Back Pain. Pain Medicine, 13(2), pp.204–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01298.x. Tankha, H., Caño, A. and Dillaway, H. (2020). ‘Now I have hope’: Rebuilding relationships affected by chronic pain.. Families, Systems, & Health, 38(1), pp.51–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000472. Taylor, S.S., Davis, M.C. and Zautra, A.J. (2013). Relationship status and quality moderate daily pain-related changes in physical disability, affect, and cognitions in women with chronic pain. Pain, 154(1), pp.147–153. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.10.004. Vivekanantham, A., Campbell, P., Mallen, C.D. and Dunn, K.M. (2014). Impact of Pain Intensity on Relationship Quality Between Couples Where One Has Back Pain. Pain Medicine, 15(5), pp.832–841. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12366. Woods, S.B., Priest, J.B., Kuhn, V. and Signs, T. (2019). Close relationships as a contributor to chronic pain pathogenesis: Predicting pain etiology and persistence. Social Science & Medicine, 237, p.112452. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112452. --- ### Work de Vries, H.J., Reneman, M.F., Groothoff, J.W., Geertzen, J.H.B. and Brouwer, S. (2011). Factors promoting staying at work in people with chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 34(6), pp.443–458. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2011.607551. Jacukowicz, A. (2016). Psychosocial work aspects, stress and musculoskeletal pain among musicians. A systematic review in search of correlates and predictors of playing- related pain. Work, 54(3), pp.657–668. doi:https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-162323. --- ### Gratitude Baxter, H.J., Johnson, M.H. and Bean, D. (2012). Efficacy of a Character Strengths and Gratitude Intervention for People with Chronic Back Pain. The Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling, 18(2), pp.135–147. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2012.14. Cudney, A., Whartman, L., O’Farrell, S., Tompkins, S., Cook, T., Graef, G. and Deichert, N.T. (2024). Perceived Stress Mediates the Relationship between Gratitude and Pain- Related Outcomes. The Journal of Pain, [online] 25(4), p.62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.284. --- ### Connection to our 'higher self' Bai, J., Brubaker, A., Meghani, S.H., Bruner, D.W. and Yeager, K.A. (2018). Spirituality and Quality of Life in Black Patients With Cancer Pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, [online] 56(3), pp.390–398. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.05.020. Ferreira-Valente, A., Damião, C., Pais-Ribeiro, J. and Jensen, M.P. (2019). The Role of Spirituality in Pain, Function, and Coping in Individuals with Chronic Pain. Pain Medicine, 21(3), pp.448–457. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz092. Miller, M., Greenwalt, K., Lehto, R., Wu, H.-S., Moser, J. and Wyatt, G. (2021). Pain and Spirituality Among Women With Advanced Breast Cancer. Cancer Care Research Online, 1(1), p.e001. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/cr9.0000000000000001. Oliveira, S.S.W., Vasconcelos, R.S., Amaral, V.R.S. and Sá, K.N. (2020). Spirituality in coping with pain in oncological patients: systematic review. Brazilian Journal Of Pain. doi:https://doi.org/10.5935/2595-0118.20200028. Oliveira, S.S.W., Vasconcelos, R.S., Amaral, V.R.S., Sousa, H.F.P. e, Dinis, M.A.P., Vidal, D.G. and Sá, K.N. (2021). Spirituality in Coping with Pain in Cancer Patients: A Cross- Sectional Study. Healthcare, 9(12), p.1671. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121671. Rush, C., Vagnini, K. and Wachholtz, A. (2020). Spirituality/religion and pain. Handbook of Spirituality, Religion, and Mental Health, pp.179–199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816766-3.00010-0. --- ### Creativity Chazot, P., Keyse, L., Singh, B., Cole, F. and Johnson, M. (2023). P90 Fuse award winning unmasking pain project: preliminary findings. SSM Annual Scientific Meeting, pp.A94.1- A94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-ssmabstracts.193. Johnson, M.I., Chazot, P., Cole, F., Cruickshank, R., Fuller, D., Keyse, C., Singh, B., Strickson, A.J., Tabasam, G., Tregidden, E., Thompson, K. and Woodall, J. (2023). Pain through the perspective of art and creativity: insights from the Unmasking Pain project. Frontiers in Pain Research, [online] 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2023.1179116. Kelly, C.G., Cudney, S. and Weinert, C. (2011). Use of Creative Arts as a Complementary Therapy by Rural Women Coping With Chronic Illness. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 30(1), pp.48–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010111423418. Kim, K.S., Kwekkeboom, K.L. and Kim, J.-S. (2020). How does art making work? Testing the hypothesized mechanisms of art making on pain experience. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 40, p.101200. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101200. Puetz, T.W., Morley, C.A. and Herring, M.P. (2013). Effects of Creative Arts Therapies on Psychological Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(11), p.960. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.836. --- ### Surrender Jackson, T., Yang, Z., Li, X., Chen, H., Huang, X. and Meng, J. (2011). Coping when pain is a potential threat: The efficacy of acceptance versus cognitive distraction. European Journal of Pain, 16(3), pp.390–400. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00019.x. Pinto-Gouveia, J., Costa, J. and Marôco, J. (2013). The first 2 years of rheumatoid arthritis: The influence of acceptance on pain, physical limitation and depression. Journal of Health Psychology, 20(1), pp.102–112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105313499807. Vowles, K.E., McCracken, L.M. and Eccleston, C. (2008). Patient functioning and catastrophizing in chronic pain: The mediating effects of acceptance. Health Psychology, 27(2, Suppl), pp.S136–S143. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.2(suppl.).s136. --- ### Self-Compassion Luo, X., Liu, J. and Che, X. (2019). Investigating the Influence and a Potential Mechanism of Self-Compassion on Experimental Pain: Evidence From a Compassionate Self-Talk Protocol and Heart Rate Variability. The Journal of Pain, 21(7-8). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2019.11.006. Purdie, F. and Morley, S. (2015). Self-compassion, pain, and breaking a social contract. PAIN, 156(11), pp.2354–2363. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000287. Tian, S., Luo, X., Che, X. and Xu, G. (2020). Self-Compassion Demonstrating a Dual Relationship with Pain Dependent on High-Frequency Heart Rate Variability. Pain Research & Management, [online] 2020, p.3126036. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3126036. Wren, A.A., Somers, T.J., Wright, M.A., Goetz, M.C., Leary, M.R., Fras, A.M., Huh, B.K., Rogers, L.L. and Keefe, F.J. (2012). Self-Compassion in Patients With Persistent Musculoskeletal Pain: Relationship of Self-Compassion to Adjustment to Persistent Pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, [online] 43(4), pp.759–770. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.04.014. --- ### Authenticity Boyraz, G., Waits, J.B. and Felix, V.A. (2014). Authenticity, life satisfaction, and distress: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(3), pp.498–505. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000031. Gino, F., Kouchaki, M. and Galinsky, A.D. (2015). The Moral Virtue of Authenticity. Psychological Science, 26(7), pp.983–996. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615575277. Tomaszek, K. (2023). You better stop hiding your true self! The relationship between perceived false self, academic burnout, and mental health problems. Current Problems of Psychiatry, 24, pp.217–227. doi:https://doi.org/10.12923/2353-8627/2023-0021. Uysal, A. and Lu, Q. (2011). Is self-concealment associated with acute and chronic pain? Health Psychology, 30(5), pp.606–614. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024287. --- ## Module 3 ### Introduction Trans Student Educational Resources, 2015. “The Gender Unicorn.” http://www.transstudent.org/gender. Gross, R.E. (2022). Vagina Obscura: An Anatomical Voyage. W. W. Norton & Company. Su, K., Sriram, K.B. and Afrasyabi, P. (2019) ‘THU0481 SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN FIBROMYALGIA – AN AUSTRALIAN TERTIARY HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE’, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 78, pp. 531–532. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.2534. Conversano, C. et al. (2021) ‘Gender differences on psychological factors in fibromyalgia: a systematic review on the male experience’, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 39(3), pp. 174–185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.55563/clinexprheumatol/73g6np. Woldeamanuel, Y.W. and Cowan, R.P. (2017) ‘Migraine affects 1 in 10 people worldwide featuring recent rise: A systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies involving 6 million participants’, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 372, pp. 307–315. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.071. Purnamawati, K. et al. (2018) ‘The Importance of Sex Stratification in Autoimmune Disease Biomarker Research: A Systematic Review’, Frontiers in Immunology, 9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01208. Lovell, R.M. and Ford, A.C. (2012) ‘Effect of gender on prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis’, The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 107(7), pp. 991–1000. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2012.131. Fan, W. et al. (2024) ‘Gender differences in gastrointestinal, biopsychosocial and healthcare-seeking behaviors in Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome predominant with diarrhea’, BMC Gastroenterology, 24(1), p. 102. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-024-03153-7. Bueno, C.H. et al. (2018) ‘Gender differences in temporomandibular disorders in adult populational studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 45(9), pp. 720–729. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12661. Tschon, M. et al. (2021) ‘Gender and Sex Are Key Determinants in Osteoarthritis Not Only Confounding Variables. A Systematic Review of Clinical Data’, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(14), p. 3178. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143178. Segal, N.A., Nilges, J.M. and Oo, W.M. (2024) ‘Sex differences in osteoarthritis prevalence, pain perception, physical function and therapeutics’, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 32(9), pp. 1045–1053. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2024.04.002. Harvard Health. (2017). Women and pain: Disparities in experience and treatment - Harvard Health. [online] Available at: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/women-and-pain-disparities-in-experience-and-treatment-2017100912562?utm_source=chatgpt.com. --- ### Hormonal Influence Boerner, K.E. et al. (2014) ’Sex differences in experimental pain among healthy children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.’. Pain, 155, 5, 983-993. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24508752 Yuan, J. et al. (2014) ‘Different patterns of puberty effect in neural oscillation to negative stimuli: sex differences’, Cognitive Neurodynamics, 8(6), pp. 517–524. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-014-9287-z. Aloisi, A.M. et al. (2007) ’Cross-sex hormone administration changes pain in transsexual women and men.’. Pain, 132 Suppl 1, S60-S67. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17379410 Ji, Y. et al. (2018) ’Opposing Roles of Estradiol and Testosterone on Stress-Induced Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats.’. J Pain, 19, 7, 764-776. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29496640 Li, L. et al. (2009) ’Ablation of estrogen receptor alpha or beta eliminates sex differences in mechanical pain threshold in normal and inflamed mice.’. Pain, 143, 1-2, 37-40. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19285805 Kiesner, J. and Martin, V.T. (2013) ‘Mid-cycle headaches and their relationship to different patterns of premenstrual stress symptoms.’, Headache, 53(6), pp. 935–46. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12082. Kiesner, J. (2011) ‘One woman’s low is another woman’s high: Paradoxical effects of the menstrual cycle’, Psychoneuroendocrinology. Martin, V. et al. (2003) ’Medical oophorectomy with and without estrogen add-back therapy in the prevention of migraine headache.’. Headache, 43, 4, 309-321. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12656701 Barcelon, E. et al. (2023) ‘Sexual Dimorphism in the Mechanism of Pain Central Sensitization’, Cells, 12(16), p. 2028. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12162028. Bartley, E.J. & Fillingim, R.B. (2013) ’Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings.’. Br J Anaesth, 111, 1, 52-58. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23794645 Pogatzki-Zahn, E.M. et al. (2019) ‘Progesterone relates to enhanced incisional acute pain and pinprick hyperalgesia in the luteal phase of female volunteers’, Pain, 160(8), pp. 1781– 1793. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001561. Vincent, K. et al. (2018) ’”Luteal Analgesia”: Progesterone Dissociates Pain Intensity and Unpleasantness by Influencing Emotion Regulation Networks.’. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 9, 413. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30083136 Schertzinger, M. et al. (2018) ’Daily Fluctuations of Progesterone and Testosterone Are Associated With Fibromyalgia Pain Severity.’. J Pain, 19, 4, 410-417. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29248511 Aloisi, A.M. et al. (2007) ’Cross-sex hormone administration changes pain in transsexual women and men.’. Pain, 132 Suppl 1, S60-S67. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17379410 Choi, J.C. et al. (2017) ’Testosterone effects on pain and brain activation patterns.’. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 61, 6, 668-675. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Bartley, E.J. et al. (2015) ’Natural variation in testosterone is associated with hypoalgesia in healthy women.’. Clin J Pain, 31, 8, 730-739. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25185874 --- ### Nervous System Sensitivity Mowlavi, A. et al. (2005) ‘Increased cutaneous nerve fibers in female specimens’, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 116(5), pp. 1407–1410. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000182339.83156.06. Gøransson, L.G. et al. (2004) ‘The effect of age and gender on epidermal nerve fiber density’, Neurology, 62(5), pp. 774–777. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000113732.41127.8f. Bangasser, D.A. and Wicks, B. (2017) ‘Sex-specific mechanisms for responding to stress’, Journal of Neuroscience Research, 95(1–2), pp. 75–82. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23812. Guekos, A. et al. (2024) ‘Healthy women show more experimentally induced central sensitization compared with men’, Pain, 165(6), pp. 1413–1424. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003144. Goffaux, P. et al. (2011) ‘Sex differences in perceived pain are affected by an anxious brain’, PAIN, 152(9). Available at: https://journals.lww.com/pain/fulltext/2011/09000/sex_differences_in_perceived_pain_are_affected_by.21.aspx. --- ### Inflammation & Immune Response Shireman, J.M. et al. (2022) ‘Sexual dimorphism of the immune system predicts clinical outcomes in glioblastoma immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Neuro-Oncology Advances, 4(1), p. vdac082. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdac082. Matsuda, M., Huh, Y. and Ji, R.-R. (2019) ‘Roles of Inflammation, Neurogenic inflammation, and Neuroinflammation in Pain’, Journal of anesthesia, 33(1), pp. 131–139. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-018-2579-4. Liu, H.-L., Chen, D.-D., Long, C.-C., Lu, Y.-X., Qu, X.-Y., Cheng, Z.-P., 2018. Appearance of Inflammation in Peripheral Blood during Menstrual Cycles in Women of Childbearing Age. Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2, 46–51. LINK Duffy, D.M. et al. (2018) ‘Ovulation: Parallels With Inflammatory Processes’, Endocrine Reviews, 40(2), pp. 369–416. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2018-00075. Fleischman, D.S. and Fessler, D.M. (2011) ‘Progesterone’s effects on the psychology of disease avoidance: support for the compensatory behavioral prophylaxis hypothesis.’, Horm Behav, 59(2), pp. 271–5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.11.014. Straub, R.H. (2007) ‘The complex role of estrogens in inflammation’, Endocrine Reviews, 28(5), pp. 521–574. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2007-0001. Walsh, C.P., Bovbjerg, D.H. and Marsland, A.L. (2021) ‘Glucocorticoid resistance and β2- adrenergic receptor signaling pathways promote peripheral pro-inflammatory conditions associated with chronic psychological stress: A systematic review across species’, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 128, pp. 117–135. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.013. Miller, A.H. and Binder, E.B. (2023) ‘Guilt by Association: Inflammation and Shared Genetic Risk Between Stress-Related and Immune Disorders’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 180(4), pp. 259–261. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20230078. --- ### Emotional & Psychological Factors Criado Perez, C. (2019). Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men. London: Vintage. Big Think (2021). What is trauma? The author of ‘The Body Keeps the Score’ explains. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJfmfkDQb14. Gasperi, M. et al. (2021) ‘Pain and Trauma: The Role of Criterion A Trauma and Stressful Life Events in the Pain and PTSD Relationship’, The journal of pain, 22(11), pp. 1506–1517. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2021.04.015. Uvelli, A. et al. (2024) ‘The association between violence against women and chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, BMC Women’s Health, 24(1), p. 321. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03097-w. Aundi Kolber (2020). Try softer : a fresh approach to move us out of anxiety, stress, and survival mode-and into a life of connection and joy. Carol Stream: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. Murray, E., Walsh, S. and Harmon, D. (2020) ‘AB232. Chronic pain and shame: a narrative systematic review’, Mesentery and Peritoneum, 4(0). Available at: https://doi.org/10.21037/map.2020.AB232. Nagoski, E. and Nagoski, A. (2020). Burnout : the secret to unlocking the stress cycle. New York: Ballantine Books. Panisch, L.S. et al. (2023) ‘Dissociation Among Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain: Relation to Surgical Treatment, Pelvic Pain Severity, and Health-Related Quality of Life’, Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 24(2), pp. 296–311. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2168828.